CECE UWA CMHC Practice Test 2026 – Complete Exam Prep

The key idea is the four elements required to prove professional negligence in civil liability: a duty of care, a breach of that duty, causation linking the breach to harm, and actual damages. Informed consent is not one of those four elements. It relates to whether a patient was adequately informed and agreed to treatment, which is important in ethics and can give rise to separate claims (or influence findings of breach in some cases), but it’s not part of the standard negligence framework you must prove. So the option that does not fit as a negligence element is informed consent. The other elements—duty, breach, and causation—are essential to establishing negligence.